AFFIXES FORMING INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIONAL VERBS IN KULISUSU LANGUAGE

Kulisusu language is the main communication tool in religious, traditional, and cultural activities. Development and study of regional languages to improve the language quality is needed. This is one way to respond to linguistic problems from phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, sentences to discourse. However, this study only focuses on morphemes in form of affixes. Therefore, the researcher is interested in describing affixes forming inflectional and derivational verbs in Kulisusu language. This is beneficial for being inventory materials to develop Kulisusu language. This is a field research using qualitative descriptive method. Data collection was by interviewing, listening, and recording technique. The results showed affixes in Kulisusu language can form inflectional and derivational verbs. Inflectional verbs have 19 affix forms consisting of 8 prefix forms like: po-, mo-, pe-, me-, te-, in-, peka-, andmeka-,2 infix forms like: -um-, and-in-7 suffix forms like: -po, -mo, -o, -ako, -aka, -sakoand –si, and 2 confix forms namely: pa-oandpe-mo. Derivative verbs are divided into two types, namely, denominal verbs and deadjectival verbs. Denominal verbs have 12 affix forms consisting of 5 prefix forms namely: po-, mo-, pe-, me-,andko-,2 infix forms like: -um-and-in-, 2 suffix forms like: -akoand-aka,and 3 confix forms such as: po-i, mo-iandi-o.Deadjectival verbs have 5 affix forms consisting of 3 prefix forms namely: pa-, pompa-andmompa-, 1 suffix form like: -kiand 1 confix form like: pa-o.


INTRODUCTION
Kulisusu language is one of the regional languages with a large number of speakers, specifically around 22,000 speakers. Kulisusu language is used as the main communication tool in everyday life by people in North Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
It is also used in various other social activities such as religion, traditional ceremonies, and cultural activities. All of this shows that there is a need for development and study of regional languages or research on regional languages in order to improve the quality of use and to enrich the Indonesian language treasury and national cultural treasures. It is also a way for us to respond to linguistic problems, although often people do not care about the form of language they use in their use of language.
Linguistic problems or language phenomena can start from the level of sound (phones), phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, sentences to the level of discourse. However, this study only focuses on the morpheme aspect in the form of Kulisusu language affixes in the morphological field. According toIndonesian Dictionary (2008: 16), affix is a bound form which, when added to a root word or base form, will change the grammatical meaning (such as prefixes, infixes, confixes, or suffixes). It is a form of bound morpheme that is used to derive the word (Alwi, et al. 2003: 31). Chaer (2015: 23) defines that affix is a morpheme that cannot be the basis for word formation, but only become a forming element in the affixation process.
It is divided into several types, namely: prefixes, infixes, suffixes, and confixes. According toMulyono (2013: 75), prefixes are affixes attached to the beginning of the root word. Putrayasa (2017: 7) also argues that prefixes, namely affixes that are placed in front of the basic form. For example: meN-, ber-, ter-, pe-, per-,dan se-. In the linguistics dictionary, Kridalaksana (2008: 93) explains infixes are affixes that are tucked into the base. Infixes are affixes that are affixed in the middle of words, usually at the beginning of the word, namely infix -el-, infix -em-, and infix -er-in Indonesian language (Chaer, 2015: 23). Ramlan (2012) inCembes (2018: 24) expressed that the suffix is an affix that is located in the back row because it is always attached behind the base form. In line with the view aboveMuslich (2008: 13), suffixes are affixes that are placed after the root word. A suffix is an affix that is affixed to the right of the base form, namely the suffix-kan, suffix -i, suffix -an, and suffix -nya in Indonesian language. According to Chaer (2015: 23) confix is an affix that is affixed to the left and right of the basic form at the same time because this affix is a single affix. Confixes that exist in Indonesian are confix ke-an, confix ber-an, confix pe-an, confix per-an, and confix se-nya.
Each language usually also has its own system that is different from other language systems, including the verb system. Langendoen (cited in Lagarens, 2018: 18) states that the verb is the central element and has a very decisive role in every language. It can be identified morphologically, namely by observing its morphological characteristics through various forms that are produced after going through a morphological process (affixation, reduplication, and compounding) (Kridalaksana, 1989: 14-15).
Several aspects of the Kulisusu language have been studied, including the 'Inflection in the Kulisusu Language' conducted byRamsi (2017) and the 'Nominal Morphological System in the Kulisusu Language' conducted bySarmin (2015). What Ramsi's research has in common with this research is that it is willing to explain the formation of inflectional verbs, but what makes it different is that apart from explaining the formation of inflectional verbs; this study also wants to explain the formation of derivational verbs and what makes it similar to the research of Sarmin with this research is that both put Kulisusu language as the research object and see a process of word formation (all word categories) in terms of affixation to form an inflection word, but what makes it different is that this research does not look at all word categories, but focuses on verbs which undergoes an affixation process so as to form inflection and derivation.
Therefore, specifically, this research only focuses on verbs affixation, namely affixes attached to a basic word that can form verb inflection and verb derivation. Examples can be seen in the prefixes pe-, and pa-below: The two examples show that the pe-prefix in example (1) can be attached to a root word verb. The formation of the word produces an inflectional form because it does not change the meaning of the word class, the pe-prefix if attached to the root word lulu 'run' which is verb, will be pelulu 'running' which is also a verb. In other words, the form is still a verb or has a fixed meaning.
The prefix pa-in example (2) shows the same thing in example (1), namely the prefix pa-can also be attached to a root word. However, the attachment prefix is not to the root verb but to the root adjective. This indicates that the word formation process produces a derivation form that functions to change the form of the basic word adjective into the word verb. In other words, the prefix pa-serves to change the word class.
Based on the linguistic facts that have been shown in examples (1) and (2), it requires a more in depth study through a study that aims to describe the affixes that form inflectional and derivational verbs in the Kulisusu language. The benefits are increasing knowledge about affixes forming inflectional verbs and derivation of the Kulisusu language in its use, being an inventory material in efforts to foster and developing the Kulisusu language, being a comparison and reference material for similar research and opening up insight into the development of the Kulisusu language so that it becomes a contribution for other researchers.

RESEARCH METHOD
This is a field research, because the researcher directly goes to the field to collect data related to the object and research problem. Then, the method used in this study is a qualitative method by applying a descriptive method (Sudaryanto, 1993: 62). Qualitative method is a procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or oral data that describes a complete picture of a phenomenon or social reality of a language (Mahsun, 2017: 284). The qualitative method used in this study prioritizes data analysis techniques with descriptive power. This method is used as a problem solving procedure that is investigated by describing the nature, circumstances, and linguistic symptoms that focus on the Kulisusu language. This research determines words, phrases, clauses/sentences as objects of study. Starting from this assumption, it has the potential to lead to forms of affixes in the form of inflection and derivation verbs. The study was filtered based on findings from various stories and spontaneous conversations spoken by informants during data collection. In addition, the researcher asked directed and measurable questions that had been prepared to complete the required data in both the basic form and in the verbs shaped form.
The data of this research are in the form of oral data or primary data obtained from the speech of a number of informants, totaling four people, native to the Kulissusu community, fluent in the Kulususu language to provide linguistic information actively in accordance with the required data, with an average age of 30-50 years. According to Djajasudarma, 1993: 10) an informant alone can provide complete linguistic information because it is a macrocosm of the language community.
The procedure used to obtain data from informants are firstly, the researcher conducted an interview to bring up the expected linguistic symptoms by providing stimulation (provoking) in the form of several measurable and accurate questions that had been prepared in advance. This process will be a prelude for the researcher to provoke a conversation so that the researcher can listen more to the information conveyed by informants regarding the data needed; the researcher will also be easier to ask many questions to explore deeper data. In the process of obtaining data, the researcher also uses writing instruments (pen and paper) and is also assisted by a recording device to make it easier for the researcher to analyze the data.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The results showed that affixes in the Kulisus language can form inflection and derivation verbs.

Inflectional Verb
There are nineteen forms of affixes that can form inflection verbs, these affixes are divided into four types, namely: prefixes, infixes, suffixes and confixes. For more details, each type will be described.

Prefix Forming Inflectional Verb
Prefixes in the Kulisusu language are divided into eight forms, namely: po-, mo-, pe-, me-, te-, in-, peka-, and meka-. The following will be described one by one.

Prefix po-
Prefix po-can form a transitive active verb and also means conveying a situation that has passed (past). Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows:

. Prefix mo-
Prefix mo-can form a transitive active verb and also means conveying an ongoing situation. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows:

. Prefix pe-
Prefix pe-can form an intransitive active verb and also means conveying a situation that has passed (past). Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: 'asking' (V) 4. Prefix me-Prefix me-can form an intransitive active verb and also means conveying an ongoing situation. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: 'is asking' (V) 5. Prefix te-Prefix te-can form passive adversative verbs. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows:

. Prefix in-
Prefix in-can form passive verbs as speech. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: Prefix peka-can form intransitive verbs and also means conveying a situation that has passed (past). Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: 'punch each other (V) peka-+ aso 'sell' (V) peka'aso 'sell each other (V) 8. Prefix meka-Prefix meka-can form an intransitive verb and also means conveying a situation that is currently happening. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows:

Infix Forming Inflectional Verb
Infixes or insertions in the Kulisusu language are divided into two forms, namely: -um-and -in-. The following will be described one by one.

Inflix -um-
Inflix -um-can form intransitive active verbs. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: Infix -in-can form passive verbs as speech. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows:

Suffix Forming Inflectional Verb
Suffixes in the Kulisusu language are divided into seven forms, namely: -po, -mo, -o, -ako, -aka, -sako and -si. The following will be described one by one.

Suffix -po
Suffix -po can form intransitive active verbs and also means telling someone to do a job first. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: Suffix -mo can form intransitive active verbs and also means to invite someone to do a job. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: Suffix -o can form a transitive active verb. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: Suffix -ako can form a transitive active verb. This form of suffix is often characterized by the presence of enclitics or pronouns in the second person singular, third person singular, and third person plural which function as the subject of a clause/sentence. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: Suffix -aka can form a transitive active verb. This form of suffix is often characterized by the presence of enclitics or first person singular pronouns, and first person plurals that function as subjects in a clause/sentence. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows: 'bring home' (V) -aka + baiyara 'pay' (V) baiyara'aka 'pay it' (V) 6. Suffix -sako Suffix -si can make intransitive verbs to transitive verbs. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows:

Confix Forming Inflectional Verb
Confixes in the Kulisusu language are divided into two forms, namely: pa-o dan pe-mo. The following will be described one by one.

Confix pa-o
Confix pa-o can form a transitive active verb. Examples of basic verbs that can be attached are as follows:

Derivational Verb
From the analysis of the data obtained, there are seventeen forms of affixes that can form denominal verb and deadjectival verb. The following will be described one by one.

Denominal Verb
The formation of denominal verbs is divided into four types of affixes, namely: prefixes, infixes, suffixes, and confixes. For more details, each type of affix will be described.

Prefix Forming Denominal Verb
Prefixes in the Kulisusu language are divided into five forms, namely: po-, mo-, pe-, me-,and ko-. The following will be described one by one.