OFFLINE TRAVEL IN AN ONLINE WORLD: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF ANALOGUE TOURISM IN THE DIGITAL ERA

  • I Nengah Suardhana Universitas Pendidikan Nasional
  • I Wayan Kartimin Universitas Triatma Mulya
  • I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama Universitas Dhyana Pura

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v5i6.12576

Keywords

Offline travel, Digital tourism, Online travel agencies, Service-Dominant Logic, Technology Acceptance Model.

Abstract

This study examines the persistence and implications of offline travel within an increasingly digital tourism ecosystem dominated by online travel agencies, algorithmic recommendation systems, and mobile applications. It adopts a mixed-methods design involving semi-structured interviews with foreign tourists in Bali, an online survey, and secondary data from industry reports and destination case studies to explore social, economic, and psychological dimensions of analogue travel practices. Findings indicate that offline travel is sustained by quests for authenticity, deeper interpersonal interactions, and digital detox benefits, yet is constrained by convenience gaps, perceived inefficiency, and fear of missing out among younger, highly connected segments. Economically, offline channels continue to support micro, small, and medium enterprises, homestays, and local guides, particularly in rural and digitally excluded areas, but face intense price competition and visibility disadvantages relative to OTAs. Psychologically, offline travel enhances autonomy, self-efficacy, and attentional restoration, while simultaneously generating frustration for tourists accustomed to seamless digital services. The study contributes to tourism scholarship by clarifying the underexplored interplay between online and offline travel experiences and offers practical insights for policymakers and businesses seeking to design more balanced, human-centred tourism futures.

References

[1] Andrew, S., & Halcomb, E. (2009). Mixed methods research for nursing and the health sciences. Wiley Online Library.

[2] Belleflamme, P., & Neysen, N. (2009). Advances in Tourism Economics. In Advances in Tourism Economics: New Developments. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2124-6

[3] Benyon, D., Quigley, A., O’keefe, B., & Riva, G. (2014). Presence and digital tourism. AI & Society, 29(4), 521–529.

[4] Bowie, D., & Chang, J. C. (2005). Tourist satisfaction: A view from a mixed international guided package tour. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 11(4), 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766705056628

[5] Bungin, B. (2008). Qualitative Research: Communication, Economics, Public Policy, and Other Social Sciences. Jakarta: Kencana.

[6] Chanthinok, K., Ussahawanitichakit, P., & Jhundra-indra, P. (2015). Social media marketing strategy and marketing outcomes: A conceptual framework. Allied Academies International Conference. Academy of Marketing Studies. Proceedings, 20(2), 35.

[7] Choi, Y., Hickerson, B., Lee, J., Lee, H., & Choe, Y. (2022). Digital tourism and wellbeing: conceptual framework to examine technology effects of online travel media. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5639.

[8] Damayanti, S., Chan, A., & Barkah, C. S. (2021). Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Brand Image Mypangandaran Tour and Travel. International Journal of Information Management, 9(3), 852–862.

[9] Divisekera, S. (2003). A model of demand for international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00029-4

[10] Ferdinand, A. (2014). Metode penelitian manajemen: Pedoman penelitian untuk penulisan skripsi tesis dan desrtasi ilmu manajemen.

[11] Gössling, S. (2020). Technology, ICT and tourism: From big data to the big picture. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(5), 849–858.

[12] Hassan, T., & Saleh, M. I. (2024). Tourism digital detox and digital-free tourism: What do we know? What do we not know? Where should we be heading? Journal of Tourism Futures.

[13] Jennett, K., Coffele, F., & Booth, C. (2012). Comprehensive and quantitative analysis of protection problems associated with increasing penetration of inverter-interfaced DG. 11th IET International Conference on Developments in Power Systems Protection (DPSP 2012), P31–P31. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0091

[14] Junaedi, I. W. R., Feoh, G., & Utama, I. G. B. R. (2021). The Community Partnership Program BUMDES Catu Graha Mandiri in Gumbrih Tourism Village, Pekutatan, Jembrana, Bali. Journal of Innovation and Community Engagement, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.28932/jice.v1i2.3525

[15] Komalasari, R., Pramesti, P., & Harto, B. (2020). Teknologi Informasi E-Tourism Sebagai Strategi Digital Marketing Pariwisata. Altasia Jurnal Pariwisata Indonesia, 2(2).

[16] Kotler, P. (2005). The role played by the broadening of marketing movement in the history of marketing thought. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 24(1), 114–116.

[17] Li, F., Larimo, J., & Leonidou, L. C. (2021). Social media marketing strategy: definition, conceptualization, taxonomy, validation, and future agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(1), 51–70.

[18] Lonn, P., Mizoue, N., Ota, T., Kajisa, T., & Yoshida, S. (2018). Evaluating the contribution of community-based ecotourism (CBET) to household income and livelihood changes: A case study of the Chambok CBET program in Cambodia. Ecological Economics, 151, 62–69.

[19] Lusch, R. F., & Vargo, S. L. (2014). An introduction to service-dominant logic. Cambridge University Press.

[20] Maxwell, J. A. (2008). Designing a qualitative study (Vol. 2). The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods.

[21] Meng, F., Tepanon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2008). Measuring tourist satisfaction by attribute and motivation: The case of a nature-based resort. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707084218

[22] Minghetti, V., & Buhalis, D. (2010). Digital divide in tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 267–281.

[23] Nordman, C. (2004). UNDERSTANDING CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND DISLOYALTY – (Issue 125).

[24] Patton, M. Q. (1987). How to use qualitative methods in evaluation (Issue 4). Sage.

[25] Pencarelli, T. (2020). The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 455–476.

[26] Plano Clark, V. L., Huddleston-Casas, C. A., Churchill, S. L., O’Neil Green, D., & Garrett, A. L. (2008). Mixed methods approaches in family science research. Journal of Family Issues, 29(11), 1543–1566.

[27] Shook, C. L., Ketchen, D. J., Hult, G. T. M., & Kacmar, K. M. (2004). An assessment of the use of structural equation modeling in strategic management research. Strategic Management Journal, 25(4), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.385

[28] Stäheli, U., & Stoltenberg, L. (2024). Digital detox tourism: Practices of analogization. New Media & Society, 26(2), 1056–1073.

[29] Utama, I. G. B. R., & Junaedi, I. W. R. (2018). Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Desa Wisata Blimbingsari ,. Jurnal Paradharma, 2(2).

[30] Yuksel, Atila; Yuksel, F. (1999). the Quest for Quality and Competitiveness : a Case of Turkish Tourism. Tourism, 715–733.

2026-04-01