PENGARUH PENEMPATAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI SERTA PERAN TUNJANGAN KINERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (Studi Pegawai di Lingkungan Kecamatan Panggungrejo Kota Pasuruan)
Keywords:
Job Placement, Job Characteristics, Performance Allowance, Employee Performance.Abstract
This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to test the effect of placement and job characteristics on employee performance, as well as the role of performance allowances as a moderating variable.The population studied was all Civil Servants (PNS) who worked in the Panggungrejo District, Pasuruan City, totaling 124 people. Given the relatively large population in this study, determining the sample size was considered necessary for the efficiency of the research implementation. The sample size in this study was calculated using the Slovin formula, which was 94.66 rounded up to 95 employees. In this study, the sampling technique used was proportional stratified random sampling. This study used Partial Least Square (PLS), which is a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model. In practice, data processing is assisted by the SmartPLS data processing application.As a result of comprehensive data analysis and structured discussions in the previous chapter, this study concludes several main points as follows: Job placement can play a role in improving employee performance. Job characteristics can play a role in improving employee performance. Although performance allowances are getting stronger, it turns out that they are not able to encourage increased employee performance. Performance allowance plays a role in moderating the influence of job placement on employee performance. Performance allowance plays a role in moderating the influence of job characteristics on employee performance.
References
Adams, J. S. (1963). Toward a theory of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422–436.
Aguinis, H. (2014). Performance Management (3rd ed.). London: Pearson Education.
Al-Nsour, M. S., Rawashdeh, A. M. A., Herzallah, F. A., & Alzgoul, M. (2021). The impact of job placement on employee performance with the moderating role of perceived organizational support. Management Science Letters, 11(1), 1-12.
Angela, N., & Chairoel, L. (2023). The Influence of Individual and Job Characteristics on Employee Performance in The Forestry Service of West Sumatra Province. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 3(6), 2017-2029.
Baskoro, H., Vilantika, E., Sukaris., & Sukaris, N. (2022). Performance Allowance Factors on the Performance of ASN Employees at Health CenterX in Gresik. IRJ: Innovation Research Journal, 3(2), 124-130.
Bernardin, H. J., & Russell, J. E. A. (2010). Human Resource Management: An Experiential Approach (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Bretz, R. D., Jr., & Judge, T. A. (1994). Person-organization fit and the attraction-selection-attrition hypothesis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 32-54.
Cascio, W. F. (2018). Managing human resources (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
Dessler, G. (2017). Human Resource Management (15th ed.). Pearson Education.
Eisenberger, R., Pierce, W. D., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective reactions to organizational justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 79-105.
Eisenberger, R., Rhoades, L., & Shanock, L. (2005). Perceived organizational support: Contributions to perceived supervisor support, leader-member exchange, and organizational justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 643-656.
Fried, Y., & Ferris, G. R. (1987). The validity of the job characteristics model: A review and meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 40(2), 287–322.
Gerhart, B., Rynes, S. L., & Trevor, C. O. (2019). Compensation: Theory, Evidence, and Strategic Implications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Grant, A. M. (2021). Rethinking the job: How work redesign can improve jobs, organizations, and societies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(3), 420-441.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man. World Publishing Company.
Ikhsanuddin., Shabri., & Sofyan. (2024). The Influence of Selection, Talent Management, and Employee Placement on Employee Performance and its Impact on the Performance of Pt Pupuk Iskandar Muda Aceh. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 12(3), 6014-6024.
Imam, M. H., Shahzad, A., Raza, A., & Tariq, M. (2023). High-performance work system and employee outcomes: The roles of psychological empowerment and compensation. Journal of Management & Organization, 29(6), 1329-1348.
Inrayani., Jam’an, A., & Rizal, S. (2024). The Influence of Placement, Workload, and Communication Skills on Employee Performance at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Makassar City. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(9), 7722-7735.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). Job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376–407.
Junizar., & Hudalil, A. (2025). Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Penempatan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Bagian Umum Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Innovative Business Management Journal, 1(2), 105-112.
Khaeratulnisa, I., Rusydi, M., & Harrang, A. (2025). The Effect of Recruitment, Placement and Motivation on Employee Performance at Pdam Tirta Jeneberang, Gowa Regency. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 5(3), 2744-2755.
Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254-284.
Kohn, A. (1993). Punished by rewards: The trouble with gold stars, incentive plans, A's, praise, and other bribes. Houghton Mifflin.
Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals' fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342.
Lawler, E. E., III. (1990). Strategic Pay: Aligning Organizational Strategies and Pay Systems. Jossey-Bass.
Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the "overjustification" hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28(1), 129-137.
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2011). Human Resource Management (13th ed.). South-Western Cengage Learning.
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2020). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penilaian Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil.
Peraturan Wali Kota Pasuruan Nomor 7 Tahun 2025 Tentang Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai Bagi Aparatur Sipil Negara di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Pasuruan.
Perry, J. L., Mesch, D. J., & Paarlberg, L. E. (2006). Motivating employees in a new governance era: The performance paradigm revisited. Public Administration Review, 66(4), 505-514.
Pradifta, R. M., Absah, Y., & Fawzeea, B. K. (2025). Analysis of Skill Upgrade, Social Support and Job Characteristics on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as A Moderation Variable in Hamparan Perak Health Center. Journal of Business Management, 2(3), 2025, 82-87.
Pratama, A. P. D., Hadiwijaya, D., & Marzuki, I., & Muljadi. (2025). The Effect of Performance Allowances, Organizational Motivation and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Improvement in The University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 5(3), 2959-2978.
Raihan, A., Agustin, W., & Septayuda, I. (2024). The Influence of Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance in Plantation Companies. International Journal of Finance Research (IJFR), 5(3), 286-297.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational behavior (17th ed.). Pearson Education.
Rynes, S. L., Gerhart, B., & Minette, K. A. (2004). Pay for performance: What do we know and where do we need to go? In R. L. Heneman & M. L. Tansky (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 23, pp. 85-157). Elsevier Science/JAI Press.
Salleh, N. M., Said, R. M., & Fuzi, S. F. S. (2020). The mediating effect of motivation on the relationship between compensation and job performance in the Malaysian public sector. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 33(6), 589-606.
Senen, S. H., Masharyono, M., & Edisa, N. (2018). The Effect of Job Characteristics to Employee’s Performance: A Case Study on Employees at Interior Industry. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 117, 227-232.
Snell, S. A., & Bohlander, G. W. (2013). Human Resource Management (16th ed.). South-Western Cengage Learning.
Suprianto., Suci, R., & Jamaluddin. (2024). The Influence of Performance Allowances on Employee Work Performance at the Makassar State Administrative Court. International Journal of Administration and Education (IJAE), 1(1), 10-20.
Vitaloka, Y., Meutia., & Hidayah, Z. (2023). Analysis of the Influence of Work Discipline, Performance Allowances, Work Conflict and Workload on Employee Performance at the Balai of The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Jayapura Region. Journal of Social Research, 2(11), 3976- 3987.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley.
Werther, W. B., Jr., & Davis, K. (1996). Human resources and personnel management (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
