MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN GARUDA INDONESIA DI SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19: STUDI KASUS
Keywords:
Airlines, Assessment, Financial Performance, Financial Analysis, Pandemic COVID-19Abstract
This study aims to analyze the financial performance of Garuda Indonesia Airline during the pandemic COVID-19. The research methodology is a comprehensive analysis of the Garuda Indonesia’s financial statements and annual reports listed at Indonesian Stock Exchange. The financial statements were analyzed to evaluate the financial performance and to assess the severity level of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on corporate income and profit. The findings of this study showed the deteriorating of the liquidity, solvency and profitability positions after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings from aggregate analysis of financial performance showed that in 2020 the corporate lost USD2.48 bilions and the current liabilities exceeded its current assets as much as USD3.8 billions. Garuda Indonesia experienced negative equities of USD1.9 billions, and requires operational strategies such as cost efficiency, debt restructuring and good corporate governance in order to pay its debts on creditors, lessors and vendors. The practical implications are an increase in understanding of financial performance, allowing the corporate managers to improve their financial managements, and adopting the right strategy in overcoming its financial difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic
References
A. Wolf, C., Stephenson, M. W., Knoblauch, W. A., & Novakovic, A. M. (2016). Dairy farm financial performance: firm, year, and size effects. Agricultural Finance Review, 76(4), 532-543. doi:10.1108/AFR-02-2016-0009
Agyei-Mensah, B. K. (2018). Impact of corporate governance attributes and financial reporting lag on corporate financial performance. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 9(3), 349-366. doi:10.1108/AJEMS-08-2017-0205
Alarussi, A. S., & Alhaderi, S. M. (2018). Factors affecting profitability in Malaysia. Journal of Economic Studies, 45(3), 442-458. doi:10.1108/JES-05-2017-0124
Ben Jedidia, K. (2020). Profit- and loss-sharing impact on Islamic bank liquidity in GCC countries. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(9), 1791-1806. doi:10.1108/JIABR-10-2018-0157
Borhan, H., Naina Mohamed, R., & Azmi, N. (2014). The impact of financial ratios on the financial performance of a chemical company. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 10(2), 154-160. doi:10.1108/WJEMSD-07-2013-0041
Camino-Mogro, S., & Bermúdez-Barrezueta, N. (2019). Determinants of profitability of life and non-life insurance companies: evidence from Ecuador. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(5), 831-872. doi:10.1108/IJOEM-07-2018-0371
Chan, T. K., & Abdul-Aziz, A.-R. (2017). Financial performance and operating strategies of Malaysian property development companies during the global financial crisis. Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, 22(2), 174-191. doi:10.1108/JFMPC-02-2016-0009
Crespí-Cladera, R., Martín-Oliver, A., & Pascual-Fuster, B. (2021). Financial distress in the hospitality industry during the Covid-19 disaster. Tourism Management, 85, 104301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104301
Derbali, A. (2021). Determinants of the performance of Moroccan banks. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 1(1), 102-117. doi:10.1108/JBSED-01-2021-0003
Garuda Indonesia, P. (2020). Annual Report Garuda Indonesia The Airline of Indonesia.
Ghosh, R., & Saima, F. N. (2021). Resilience of commercial banks of Bangladesh to the shocks caused by COVID-19 pandemic: an application of MCDM-based approaches. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(3), 281-295. doi:10.1108/AJAR-10-2020-0102
Hamad Ma Fetais, A., Al-Kwifi, O. S., U Ahmed, Z., & Khoa Tran, D. (2021). Qatar Airways: building a global brand. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 37(3), 319-336. doi:10.1108/JEAS-04-2020-0044
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
Kuranchie-Pong, L., Bokpin, G. A., & Andoh, C. (2016). Empirical evidence on disclosure and risk-taking of banks in Ghana. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 24(2), 197-212. doi:10.1108/JFRC-05-2015-0025
Mhlanga, O. (2020). Drivers of efficiency and their influence on airline performances in South Africa: a bootstrapped meta-frontier approach. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1), 121-135. doi:10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2019-0109
Mhlanga, O., Steyn, J., & Spencer, J. (2018). The airline industry in South Africa: drivers of operational efficiency and impacts. Tourism Review, 73(3), 389-400. doi:10.1108/TR-07-2017-0111
Moon, J., Lee, W. S., & Dattilo, J. (2015). Determinants of the payout decision in the airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42, 282-288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.11.009
Myers, S. C. (1977). Determinants of corporate borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), 147-175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(77)90015-0
Nguyen, C. T., Hai, P. T., & Nguyen, H. K. (2021). Stock market returns and liquidity during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from the financial services sector in Vietnam. Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, 5(3), 324-342. doi:10.1108/AJEB-06-2021-0070
Parise, G. (2018). Threat of entry and debt maturity: Evidence from airlines. Journal of Financial Economics, 127(2), 226-247. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.11.009
Saranga, H., & Nagpal, R. (2016). Drivers of operational efficiency and its impact on market performance in the Indian Airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 165-176. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.03.001
Tan, Y., & Luo, P. (2021). The impact of debt restructuring on dynamic investment and financing policies. Economic Modelling, 102, 105583. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105583
Ugur, M., Solomon, E., & Zeynalov, A. (2022). Leverage, competition and financial distress hazard: Implications for capital structure in the presence of agency costs. Economic Modelling, 108, 105740. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105740
Weston, J. F., Copeland, T. E., & Shastri, K. (2005). Financial Theory and Corporate Policy. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Widnyana, I. W., Wiksuana, I. G. B., Artini, L. G. S., & Sedana, I. B. P. (2021). Influence of financial architecture, intangible assets on financial performance and corporate value in the Indonesian capital market. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 70(7), 1837-1864. doi:10.1108/IJPPM-06-2019-0307
Zhang, Z., Koh, Z. Y., & Ling, F. (2020). Benchmarking contractors’ financial performance: case study of Singapore. Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, 25(2), 183-199. doi:10.1108/JFMPC-03-2019-0024