DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2: PATOFISIOLOGI MOLEKULER SERTA EFEKTIVITAS PERAN ANTIOKSIDAN, PENGHAMBAT Α-GLUKOSIDASE DAN DIPEPTIDIL PEPTIDASE-4

Nita Triadisti

Authors

Nita Triadisti Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin, 70115, Indonesia

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan global dengan angka kejadian global diabetes yang terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Angka ini diperkirakan akan terus meningkat mencapai 643 juta dan 783 juta di tahun 2030 dan 2045. Review ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan patofisiologi diabetes mellitus yang berfokus pada defisiensi dan resistensi insulin, termasuk uraian mekanisme molekulernya. Pembahasan juga disertai keterkaitan enzim α-glukosidase, hormon inkretin dan enzim dipeptidil peptidase-4 pada progres diabetes mellitus tipe 2, yang dilengkapi mekanisme molekulernya. Review ini juga meninjau peran kelas terapi penghambat enzim α-glukosidase, dan dipeptidil peptidase-4 disertai potensi peran antioksidan dalam mengatasi progres diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Review artikel ini disusun menggunakan penelusuran literatur, dengan berbagai kata kunci sesuai dengan pembahasan, dengan kriteria jurnal dari tahun 2020 – 2025 yang diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan ilmiah yang kuat dalam pembahasan sehingga memberikan pemahaman yang komprehensif. Review ini menunjukkan peran penting dari antioksidan, penghambat α-glukosidase dan enzim dipeptidil peptidase-4 dalam mengatasi diabetes mellitus tipe 2, dimana antioksidan membantu mengurangi stres oksidatif yang berkontribusi pada kerusakan sel dan komplikasi terkait diabetes, penghambat α-glukosidase memperlambat penyerapan karbohidrat di saluran pencernaan, dan penghambat DPP-4 meningkatkan kadar inkretin, yang merangsang pelepasan insulin sehingga membantu pengendalian gula darah secara lebih efektif. Kombinasi tindakan ini dapat memperbaiki kontrol glikemik dan mengurangi risiko komplikasi diabetes.

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