Etnomedicine Dalam Pendidikan Kedokteran Komunitas: Kerangka Konseptual Dan Implikasinya Bagi Praktik Klinis Di Indonesia

  • I Komang Wirajaya Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Mahasarawati Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53625/jirk.v5i5.11482

Keywords

Ethnomedicine, Community Medicine, Cultural Competence, Medical Pluralism, Medical Education

Abstract

Indonesia exhibits a high degree of medical pluralism: the majority of its population uses more than one healing system concurrently, whether biomedical or traditional. Despite this, ethnomedicine competence has not become a core component of medical education curricula in most institutions. This article aims to construct a conceptual framework of ethnomedicine for community medicine education in Indonesia and to formulate its implications for clinical practice. A narrative review method was employed, drawing on scientific literature, regulations, and policy documents published predominantly between 2013 and 2025, with emphasis on Scopus/PubMed-indexed publications and official Indonesian regulations. The review identifies four interrelated conceptual pillars: (1) the theoretical framework of explanatory models of illness and the three-sector model of medical pluralism; (2) the diversity of Indonesian ethnomedical systems, which remain empirically and extensively utilized, including among populations with chronic disease; (3) models of biomedical-traditional interaction spanning an integration-parallel-conflict spectrum, with a consistently identified policy implementation gap; and (4) cultural competence, which bridges patients' explanatory models with physicians' biomedical approaches. Social determinants of health further explain why ethnomedicine functions as a structural adaptive response rather than merely a cultural preference, particularly in regions with high access disparities. This article recommends the longitudinal integration of ethnomedicine into community medicine curricula, supported by experiential field-based learning models and structured cultural-competence assessment, as a strategic step to strengthen the readiness of Indonesian physicians to engage with the plurality of health systems their patients hold

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2026-10-05