Kepastian Hukum Penetapan Perwalian Terhadap Penyandang Disabilitas Dewasa Yang Telah Ditetapkan Di Bawah Perwalian
Keywords
Disabilities, Adults, Legal GuardianshipAbstract
Persons with disabilities are entitled to equal recognition before the law and to legal protection and legal certainty. In practice, however, some adults with disabilities have been placed under legal guardianship through court orders, resulting in legal issues concerning the validity and implications of such determinations. This study addresses two research questions: what are the legal consequences of placing adults with disabilities under guardianship in light of Legislation governing persons with disabilities, and how does legal certainty apply to court orders placing adults with disabilities under legal guardianship. This study is based on Soeroso's theory of legal consequences and Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal certainty. This study employed a normative juridical research method based on library research and secondary data obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. It adopted statutory, case, and analytical approaches. Legal materials were collected through the identification and inventory of positive legal regulations, books, journal articles, and other relevant legal sources. Data analysis used grammatical, systematic, and analogical methods of legal interpretation. The findings of the study indicate that the legal consequence of imposing guardianship on adults with disabilities causes juridical issues and potential legal disputes, as the appropriate legal mechanism should be conservatorship, not guardianship. The judges' error in applying guardianship as the legal instrument for adults with disabilities, contrary to the applicable statutory provisions, results in legal uncertainty. Therefore, judges should carefully identify whether a petition or claim concerning guardianship has been appropriately filed before proceeding to the substantive examination of the case. Moreover, the Supreme Court should develop technical guidelines for adjudicating cases involving adults with disabilities, particularly concerning guardianship and conservatorship
References
A. Ridwan Halim, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Dalam Tanya Jawab, Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 1985
Aloysiur Entah R, Hukum Perdata (Suatu Perbandingan Ringkas), Liberty, Yogyakarta, 1989,
Armasito Dkk, Hukum Disabilitas di Indonesia, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2021,
C.S.T Kansil, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 1989.
Danang Wirahutama, Widodo Tresno Novianto dkk, “Kecakapan Hukum dan Legalitas Tanda Tangan Seorang Terpidana Dalam Menandatangani Akta Otentik”, Masalah Hukum, Jilid Volume 47, Nomor. 2, April 2018.
Dominikus Rato, Filsafat Hukum Mencari: Memahami dan Memahami Hukum, Laksbang Pressindo, Yogyakarta, 2010.
Endang Hadrian, Lukman Hakim, Hukum Acara Perdata Di Indonesia, CV Budi Utama, Yogyakarta, 2020.
Hasim Purba dan Muhammad Hadyan Yunhas Purba, Dasar-Dasar Pengetahuan Ilmu Hukum, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2019.
Izza Syahra Fawadzila, “Tinjauan Yuridis Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Blitar terhadap Permohonan Pengampuan Orang dengan Gangguan Mental (Studi Penetapan Nomor: 0193/Pdt.P/2021/PA.BL)” (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, 2024).
Janus Sidabalok dan Ratna D.E Sirait, Hukum Perdata dan Perkembangannya di Dalam Perundang-undangan di Indonesia, USU Press, Medan,2017.
Marwan Mas, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor, 2003,
Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, Konsep-konsep Hukum dalam Pembangunan, Alumni, Bandung, 2002.
Muhammad Nasir, Hukum Acara Perdata, Djambatan, Jakarta, 2005, hlm.
R. Soeroso, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2011,
Ramlah Dahlan dan Abdollah Reza, “Pengangkatan Anak dan Hubungannya dengan Perwalian dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Perundang - Undangan di Indonesia (Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Agama Palu Kelas 1 A),” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam Volume 4, Nomor. 1, Januari 2022.
Rio Christiawan, “Penetapan Pengadilan Sebagai Bentuk Upaya Hukum Pada Proses Ekseskusi”, Jurnal Yudisial Volume 11, Nomor.3 Desember 2018.
Sahbudi, Lubis, Purba “Tinjauan Yuridis Batas Usia Cakap dalam Hukum Pidana Menurut KUH Pidana dan Hukum Positif lainnya di Indonesia,” Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Sigli (JHS) Volume 7, Nomor. 1, Juni 2024,
Sajipto Rahardjo, Ilmu Hukum, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2012,
Sudikno Mertokusumo, Mengenal Hukum Suatu Pengantar, Liberty, Yogyakarta,2007.
Sudikno Mertokusumo, Mengenal Hukum: Suatu Pengantar, Liberty, Yogyakarta, 1996,
Suwasta, Asep Dedi (et.al), Pengantar Hukum Perdata, Tohar Media, Makassar, 2024.
Titik Triwulan Tutik, Hukum Perdata dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional, Kencana Prenada Media Grup, Jakarta, 2015,
Zainal Abidin Pakoahan, “Kepastian Hukum atas Hak Penyandang Disabilitas sebagai Warga negara,” Jurnal Universitas Dharmawangsa Volume 18, Nomor. 2, 2024.
Undang - Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
Kitab Undang - Undang Hukum Perdata
Undang - Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan
Undang - Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak
Undang - Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman
Undang Nomor 50 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Pengadilan Agama.
Undang - Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengesahan Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities (Konvensi Mengenai Hak-Hak Penyandang Disabilitas)
Undang - Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 29 Tahun 2019 tentang Syarat Dan Tata Cara Penunjukkan Wali
Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Organisasi Dan Tata Kerja Balai Harta Peninggalan
Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Putusan Nomor 415/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Wsp
Penetapan Nomor 229/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Kab.Mlg
Penetapan Nomor 69/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Msb
