Analisis Yuridis Keabsahan Wasiat Digital Berdasarkan Kitab Undang – Undang Hukum Perdata
Keywords
Digital Will, Legal Analysis, Form and Content of Wills, Indonesian Civil Code, Electronic EvidenceAbstract
This study aims to analyze the legal regulation concerning the form and content of wills under the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata/KUHPerdata) and to examine the legal status of wills created in digital form in light of these provisions. The development of information technology has brought changes to various aspects of life, including the expression of a person's last wishes through electronic media, such as digital documents, electronic mail (e-mail), and video recordings. On the other hand, the Indonesian Civil Code, as one of the legal foundations governing inheritance in Indonesia, continues to regulate wills in conventional forms that require certain formalities, thereby raising questions concerning the validity of digital wills under Indonesia's positive legal system. This study employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials consist of primary legal materials, including the Indonesian Civil Code and Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, as most recently amended by Law Number 1 of 2024, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books, scientific journals, and relevant research findings. The results show that the Indonesian Civil Code regulates wills in a limited number of forms, namely holographic wills, public wills, and secret wills, each of which must satisfy certain formal and substantive requirements to have legal force. Although electronic information and electronic documents are recognized as valid evidence under the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions, such recognition does not alter the formal requirements for making a will as stipulated in the Indonesian Civil Code. Therefore, a will created in digital form, including a video recording, cannot yet be classified as a valid will under the Indonesian Civil Code but may have evidentiary value in demonstrating the testator's last wishes, provided that it satisfies the applicable rules of evidence. Accordingly, legal reform is needed to accommodate developments in information technology without disregarding the principles of legal certainty, protection of the testator's wishes, and compliance with the formal requirements for making a will.
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