REVIEW METODE UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETIK DARI EKSTRAK TANAMAN ALAM SECARA IN VIVO DAN IN VITRO
Keywords:
Antidiabetik, Uji In vitro, Uji In vivo, Ekstrak Tanaman Obat, Syzygium polyanthum, Carica papayaAbstract
Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang prevalensinya terus meningkat secara global dan nasional, serta berdampak signifikan terhadap aspek kesehatan dan ekonomi. Keterbatasan terapi konvensional, seperti efek samping jangka panjang dan tingginya biaya pengobatan, mendorong pengembangan alternatif terapi yang lebih aman dan terjangkau berbasis bahan alam. Artikel ini menyajikan kajian pustaka sistematis mengenai metode uji aktivitas antidiabetik secara in vitro dan in vivo terhadap ekstrak tanaman Syzygium polyanthum (daun salam) dan Carica papaya (daun pepaya). Metode kajian dilakukan melalui telaah literatur dari jurnal ilmiah terindeks dan dokumen relevan lainnya. Uji in vitro mencakup penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan α-amilase sebagai indikator awal aktivitas hipoglikemik, sedangkan uji in vivo menggunakan model hewan yang diinduksi streptozotosin atau aloksan untuk mengevaluasi parameter biologis secara sistemik. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa kedua tanaman mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, dan alkaloid yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah, peningkatan ekspresi protein IRS-1/Akt, serta perbaikan profil lipid. Sinergisme antarsenyawa dalam ekstrak turut memperkuat efek farmakologis. Kesimpulannya, integrasi pendekatan in vitro dan in vivo penting untuk memperoleh validasi ilmiah yang komprehensif dalam pengembangan fitofarmaka antidiabetik berbasis tanaman lokal.
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