STRENGTHENING WAREHOUSE RECEIPT SYSTEM (WRS) INFRASTRUCTURE BASED ON COMMODITY CLUSTERS AND VALUE CHAINS AS A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE WRS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA
Keywords
Warehouse Receipt SystemAbstract
Despite nearly two decades since the enactment of Law No. 9 of 2006, Indonesia's Warehouse Receipt System (WRS / Sistem Resi Gudang—SRG) has yet to reach anywhere close to its potential. According to Bappebti, (2026), cumulative WRS value stands at IDR 8.57 trillion, with financing reaching IDR 5.32 trillion—numbers that appear strikingly small against a national agricultural commodity sector whose GDP contribution reached IDR 1,626.42 trillion in 2025. This paper argues that the infrastructure dimension is the primary, and largely neglected, root cause of that underperformance. Drawing on 5 Whys causal analysis, USG problem prioritization, (Bardach & Patashnik, 2019) feasibility criteria, and cross-validation against Dunn, (2017)’s six normative criteria, the author identifies the absence of an integrated national infrastructure masterplan—one grounded in commodity cluster logic and value chain thinking—as the deepest systemic constraint. Four policy alternatives were put to a panel of five domain experts; the analysis supports a combination strategy led by commodity cluster-based infrastructure development, complemented by existing warehouse revitalization, ISWARE digital modernization, and selective Government–Private Partnership (KPBU) deployment at strategic nodes. These recommendations are directed to the Minister of Trade and the Head of Bappebti for phased implementation between 2026 and 2030, framed within the 2025–2029 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN).
References
Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The Market for “Lemons”: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488–500. https://doi.org/10.2307/1879431
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia 2025 (Annual Report No. 43; Laporan Tahunan Perekonomian Indonesia). BPS.
Bappebti. (2021). Sistem Resi Gudang sebagai Instrumen Penguatan Efisiensi Rantai Pasok dan Stabilisasi Harga Pangan [Research Report]. Kementerian Perdagangan.
Bappebti. (2022). Laporan Kinerja Sistem Resi Gudang Tahun 2022 [Analytical Report]. Kementerian Perdagangan.
Bappebti. (2026). Statistik dan Profil Sistem Resi Gudang per Agustus 2026 [Analytical Report]. Kementerian Perdagangan.
Bardach, E., & Patashnik, E. M. (2019). A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving (5th ed.). CQ Press.
Coulter, J., & Onumah, G. (2002). The role of warehouse receipt systems in enhanced commodity marketing and rural livelihoods in Africa. Food Policy, 27(4), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(02)00018-0
Dunn, W. N. (2017). Public Policy Analysis: An Integrated Approach (6th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315181226
Höllinger, F., Rutten, L., India, M., & Kiriakov, K. (2009). The use of warehouse receipt finance in agriculture in transition countries. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-use-of-warehouse-receipt-finance-in-agriculture-H%C3%B6llinger-Rutten/f91e99afb2a67d88d649717cf2f06c54e319e52f
Jayani, S., & Nugroho, F. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Sistem Resi Gudang Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Posisi Tawar Petani Kecil: (Studi di Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat). Jurnal Insani, 6(1), 9–24.
Kliring Berjangka Indonesia, P. (2025). Laporan Pusat Registrasi Resi Gudang per Oktober 2025 [Analytical Report].
Mardia, M. (2024). Implementasi dan Dampak Sistem Resi Gudang Komoditi Gabah pada Petani di Kabupaten Luwu Timur Sulawesi Selatan Berbasis Sistem Dinamik. AGROVITAL : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 9(2), 218–226. (Sistem resi Gudang Gabah dengan sistem dinamik). https://doi.org/10.35329/agrovital.v9i2.5796
Miller, C., Jones, L., & Rural Infrastructure and Agro-Industries Division. (2010). Agricultural value chain finance. Tools and lessons (1st ed.). FAO and Practical Action Publishing. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i0846e
Onumah, G. (2010). Implementing warehouse receipt systems in Africa potential and challenges. Fourth African Agricultural Markets Program Policy Symposium, 6–7. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=17112950828782979782&hl=en&oi=scholarr
Peraturan Menteri Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Nomor 16 Tahun 2025 Tentang Perubahan Kedelapan Atas Peraturan Menteri Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 Tentang Perubahan Daftar Proyek Strategis Nasional, Pub. L. No. 16, Permen (2025). http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/330372/permenko-perekonomian-no-16-tahun-2025
Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 14 Tahun 2026 Tentang Barang Dan Persyaratan Barang Yang Dapat Disimpan Dalam Sistem Resi Gudang, Pub. L. No. 14, Permen (2026).
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 70 Tahun 2013 Tentang Perubahan Atas PP Nomor 36 Tahun 2007, Pub. L. No. 70, PP (2013).
Peraturan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2025 Tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional Tahun 2025–2029, Pub. L. No. 12, Perpres (2025).
Ramadhan Anggara, S., Najmun Nahar, A., Hadiputra, A., & Arya Diputra, D. (2025). Efektivitas regulasi Sistem Resi Gudang dalam menjamin manfaat bagi petani dan UMKM. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Hukum Pemerintah Daerah. https:
Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 2006 Tentang Sistem Resi Gudang, Pub. L. No. 9, UU (2006).
Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 2011 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 2006 Tentang Sistem Resi Gudang, Pub. L. No. 9, UU (2011).
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2018). Commodities and Development Report 2017: Commodity Markets, Economic Growth and Development. United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/805f1697-en
World Bank. (2016). A Guide to Warehouse Receipt Financing Reform: Legislative Reform. https://doi.org/10.1596/25189
